Ministry of Health and Family WelfareHealthIndia

Status of IMR and MMR in India

As per the Sample Registration System (SRS) Bulletin of Registrar General of India (RGI), the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) has reduced from 37 per 1000 live births in 2015 to 30 per 1,000 live births in 2019 at National Level.

The State/ UT wise details of Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) for the period from 2015 to 2019 are as follows:

S. No. National/ State/ UT Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000 live births)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
ALL INDIA 37 34 33 32 30
1 Andhra Pradesh 37 34 32 29 25
2 A&N Islands 20 16 14 9 7
3 Arunachal Pradesh 30 36 42 37 29
4 Assam 47 44 44 41 40
5 Bihar 42 38 35 32 29
6 Chandigarh 21 14 14 13 13
7 Chhattisgarh 41 39 38 41 40
8 D&N Haveli 21 17 13 13 11
9 Daman & Diu 18 19 17 16 17
10 Delhi 18 18 16 13 11
11 Goa 9 8 9 7 8
12 Gujarat 33 30 30 28 25
13 Haryana 36 33 30 30 27
14 Himachal Pradesh 28 25 22 19 19
15 J & K including Ladakh 26 24 23 22 20
16 Jharkhand 32 29 29 30 27
17 Karnataka 28 24 25 23 21
18 Kerala 12 10 10 7 6
19 Lakshadweep 20 19 20 14 8
20 Madhya Pradesh 50 47 47 48 46
21 Maharashtra 21 19 19 19 17
22 Manipur 9 11 12 11 10
23 Meghalaya 42 39 39 33 33
24 Mizoram 32 27 15 5 3
25 Nagaland 12 12 7 4 3
26 Odisha 46 44 41 40 38
27 Puducherry 11 10 11 11 9
28 Punjab 23 21 21 20 19
29 Rajasthan 43 41 38 37 35
30 Sikkim 18 16 12 7 5
31 Tamil Nadu 19 17 16 15 15
32 Telangana 34 31 29 27 23
33 Tripura 20 24 29 27 21
34 Uttar Pradesh 46 43 41 43 41
35 Uttarakhand 34 38 32 31 27
36 West Bengal 26 25 24 22 20
Source: Sample Registration System of Registrar General of India

 

As per the Sample Registration System (SRS) Report of Registrar General of India (RGI), the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) has reduced from 8.1 in 2015-17 to 7.3 in 2016-18 at National Level. The Status of MMR at National level and State level as per SRS 2015-17 and 2016-18 are as follows:

Status of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)
India/ States 2015-17 2016-18
ALL INDIA 8.1 7.3
Andhra Pradesh 3.6 3.6
Assam 15.2 14.0
Bihar 16.9 15.1
Jharkhand 6.1 5.6
Gujarat 6.0 5.1
Haryana 7.7 7.0
Karnataka 7.3 4.9
Kerala 1.9 2.1
Madhya Pradesh 17.5 15.9
Chhattisgarh 11.0 12.1
Maharashtra 3.3 2.6
Odisha 11.1 9.7
Punjab 6.8 7.0
Rajasthan 16.8 14.5
Tamil Nadu 4.8 3.2
Telangana 3.8 3.6
Uttar Pradesh 20.1 17.8
Uttarakhand 5.9 6.4
West Bengal 5.0 5.0
Other States 4.7 4.5
Source: Sample Registration System (SRS) of Registrar General of India (RGI)

 

In order to bring down Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) is supporting all States/UTs in implementation of Reproductive, Maternal, New-born, Child, Adolescent health and Nutrition (RMNCAH+N) strategy under National Health Mission (NHM) based on the Annual Program Implementation Plan (APIP) submitted by States/ UTs. The interventions taken up by Govt. are:

Interventions for improving Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR):

  • Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), a demand promotion and conditional cash transfer scheme was launched in April 2005 with the objective of reducing Maternal and Infant Mortality by promoting institutional delivery among pregnant women.
  • Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) aims to eliminate out-of-pocket expenses for pregnant women and sick infants by entitling them to free delivery including caesarean section, free transport, diagnostics, medicines, other consumables, diet and bloodin public health institutions.
  • SurakshitMatratvaAshwasan (SUMAN) aims to provide assured, dignified, respectful and quality healthcare at no cost and zero tolerance for denial of services for every woman and newborn visiting the public health facility to end all preventable maternal and newborn deaths.
  • Pradhan MantriSurakshitMatritvaAbhiyan (PMSMA) provides pregnant women fixed day, free of cost assured and quality Antenatal Careon the 9thday of every month.
  • LaQshya aims to improve the quality of care in labour room and maternity operation theatres to ensure that pregnant women receive respectful and quality care during delivery and immediate post-partum period.
  • Comprehensive Abortion Care services are strengthened through trainings of health care providers, supply of drugs, equipment, Information Education and Communication (IEC) etc.
  • Midwifery programmeis launched to create a cadre for Nurse Practitioners in Midwifery who are skilled in accordance to International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) competencies and capable of providing compassionate women-centred, reproductive, maternal and new-born health care services.
  • Delivery Points-Over 25,000 ‘Delivery Points’ across the country are strengthened in terms of infrastructure, equipment, and trained manpower for provision of comprehensive RMNCAH+N services.
  • Functionalization of First Referral Units (FRUs)by ensuring manpower, blood storage units, referral linkages etc.
  • Setting up of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Wings at high caseload facilities to improve the quality of care provided to mothers and children.
  • Operationalization of Obstetric ICU/HDU at high case load tertiary care facilities across country to handle complicated pregnancies.
  • Capacity building is undertaken for MBBS doctors in Anesthesia (LSAS) and Obstetric Care including C-section (EmOC) skills to overcome the shortage of specialists in these disciplines, particularly in rural areas.
  • Maternal Death Surveillance Review (MDSR) is implemented both at facilities and at the community level. The purpose is to take corrective action at appropriate levels and improve the quality of obstetric care.
  • Monthly Village Health, Sanitation and Nutrition Day (VHSND) is an outreach activity for provision of maternal and child care including nutrition.
  • Regular IEC/BCC activities are conducted for early registration of ANC, regular ANC, institutional delivery, nutrition, and care during pregnancy etc.
  • MCP Card and Safe Motherhood Booklet are distributed to the pregnant women for educating them on diet, rest, danger signs of pregnancy, benefit schemes and institutional deliveries.

Interventions for improving Infant Mortality Rate (IMR):

  • Facility Based New-born Care:Sick New-born Care Units (SNCUs) are established at District Hospital and Medical College level, New-born Stabilization Units (NBSUs) are established at First Referral Units (FRUs)/ Community Health Centres (CHCs) for care of sick and small babies.
  • Community Based care of New-born and Young Children:Under Home Based New-born Care (HBNC) and Home-Based Care of Young Children (HBYC) program, home visits are performed by ASHAs to improve child rearing practices and to identify sick new-born and young children in the community.
  • Mothers’ Absolute Affection (MAA):Early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding for first six months and appropriate Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices are promoted under Mothers’ Absolute Affection (MAA).
  • Social Awareness and Actions to Neutralize Pneumonia Successfully (SAANS) initiative implemented since 2019 for reduction of Childhood morbidity and mortality due to Pneumonia.
  • Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) is implemented to provide vaccination to children against life threatening diseases such as Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Polio, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, Measles, Rubella, Pneumonia and Meningitis caused by Haemophilus Influenzae B. The Rotavirus vaccination has also been rolled out in the country for prevention of Rota-viral diarrhoea. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) has been introduced in all the States and UTs.
  • Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakaram (RBSK): Children from 0 to 18 years of age are screened for 30 health conditions (i.e. Diseases, Deficiencies, Defects and Developmental delay) under Rashtriya Bal SwasthyaKaryakaram (RBSK) to improve child survival. District Early Intervention Centres (DEICs) at district health facility level are established for confirmation and management of children screened under RBSK.
  • Nutrition Rehabilitation Centres (NRCs)are set up at public health facilities to treat and manage the children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) admitted with medical complications.
  • Intensified Diarrhoea Control Fortnight / Defeat Diarrhoea (D2) initiative implemented for promoting ORS and Zinc use and for reducing diarrhoeal deaths.
  • Anaemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) strategy as a part of POSHANAbhiyan aims to strengthen the existing mechanisms and foster newer strategies to tackle anaemia which include testing & treatment of anaemia in school going adolescents & pregnant women, addressing non nutritional causes of anaemia and a comprehensive communication strategy.
  • Capacity Building: Several capacity building programs of health care providers are taken up for improving maternal and child survival and health outcomes.

The Union Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare, Dr. Bharati Pravin Pawar stated this in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha today.

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